Asthma - Causes, symptoms and treatment

Asthma and Allergies: Understanding the Connection

Asthma is an inflammatory disease. The chronic condition affects the airways of the lungs. Asthma causes the airways to get inflamed and narrow, thus making breathing hard for an individual. The difficulty in breathing may sometimes trigger the coughing and wheezing sound when shortness of breath occurs.

Asthma turned out to be the most chronic inflammatory condition. Normally while you breathe, the air (oxygen) from your nose travels through the mouth and passes to the lungs through the airways. There are many airways through which oxygen is carried forward to the bloodstream.

Asthma occurs when the lining of the airways gets inflamed causes shortness of breath and coughing.

What causes Asthma?

The causes of Asthma are quite unclear. Asthma is probably caused by genetic traits and environmental factors. The environmental factors may include allergies, pollution, etc. The mentioned factors do not apply to all people. For sensitive people, allergy-causing factors may trigger the symptoms of Asthma.

What are the types of Asthma?

There are different types of Asthma. Asthma is classified to make it easier to treat.

Allergic Asthma is caused because of certain allergic factors like pollen, dust etc.
Non-allergic Asthma is caused because of genetic factors.
Seasonal Asthma occurs seasonally or turns up under certain conditions or during a particular time of the year.
Occupational Asthma occurs by breathing up chemicals fumes, gases or other chemical substances.
Exercise-induced Asthma occurs when the symptoms turn up after exercise or heavy physical activity.
Chronic Asthma occurs when the symptoms do not work up well with medications.

What are the symptoms of Asthma?

The most common symptoms of Asthma are shortness of breath and wheezing (the sound that occurs during shortness of breath). Other common symptoms of Asthma include:

Coughing
Tightness in the chest
Chest pain
Trouble in sleeping
Fatigue

These symptoms might get worse at the time of a cold or flu infection. An asthma attack occurs when the symptoms get worse, indicating that it needs medical treatment.

What is an Asthma attack?

Normally, when air passes through the lungs it passes smoothly. During an Asthma attack, the lining of the air passage and muscles get tightened quickly making it difficult to breathe.

When the muscles of the airway get tight, it makes the airways narrow. This blocks the free flow of air through the airways. Inflammation of the lining of the airways will also block the free flow of air. To worsen the condition the mucus produced by the body also blocks the airways. Asthma attack is a chronic condition so consult a doctor immediately.

Pay attention to the following factors that trigger the Asthma attack

Air pollution
Dust mites
Tobacco smoke
Smoke
Food allergies
Respiratory infection

How is Asthma diagnosed?

Fix an appointment with a doctor. The discussion about your symptoms and medical history will go on. Then the diagnosis will start with a physical examination.

Spirometry is a breathing test that checks and measures the free flow of air in the bronchial tubes. Spirometry measures how fast an individual can breathe and also measures how much air can be held in the lungs.

Peak flow test is a breathing test to measure how well the lungs push out the air. This test helps you to figure out the triggers of Asthma. It is also used to check if the treatment is working.

Methacholine challenge is done along with the spirometry test. Before the spirometry test, the individual is subjected to inhaling methacholine, a chemical substance. If this methacholine narrows the airways, then it means methacholine has reacted with Asthma.

A Nitric oxide test is a breathing test to measure the amount of nitric oxide in the breath. A tube is connected to a machine that detects the gas level. Normally the body produces nitric oxide but the levels are high when diagnosed with Asthma.

Imagery tests like chest X-rays are helpful to identify and rule out the causes of the symptoms. The test also makes it easier to check for other abnormalities and diseases.

An allergy test is either done by a skin test or blood test. This test is performed to check if Asthma is triggered in case of allergies.

Sputum eosinophils test is performed to check the levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cells. The test is performed with the mucus collected when the infected person coughs up. If the count is high then Asthma is confirmed.

What are the stages of Asthma?

The stages of Asthma are classified to treat Asthma according to the severity. The stages of Asthma are.

Mild or moderate stage: The severity is low and the symptoms occur often like twice or thrice a week. This has only a minor impact on the body or breathing.

Severe stage: The severe stage indicated the emergency to consult a doctor. The symptoms occur daily and it will affect routine activities. The symptoms lead to sleepless nights.

Life-threatening stage: The last stage where symptoms will never leave the side. This stage requires immediate consultation to treat and reduce the severity of Asthma.

Management of Asthma Symptoms

Asthma is caused due to the inflammation and the airways tightening, usually triggered by allergens, irritants, and other factors, resulting in difficulty breathing. Asthma disease can be managed in some ways. Here are the ways to manage your asthma symptoms.

1. Identify your symptoms

Usually cough, wheeze and difficulty breathing are all signs of Asthma. If you feel these symptoms are getting worse, then follow the instructions from your doctor. You could use a reliever inhaler (e.g. salbutamol) with a spacer to open your airways.

2. Find and avoid your triggers

Some triggers like smoke, fumes, changes in the weather, viral infections, pollen, animal fur and feathers, and strong fragrances cause Asthma. Know what causes asthma triggers in you and avoid it. If it is not possible, you could always have your reliever inhaler available.

3. Get inhalers for you

A reliever inhaler helps open up the small airways and enhances the airflow in and out of the lungs. You could use this if you have symptoms. A steroid or preventer inhaler helps lower the inflammation in the lungs, and it acts as a necessary part of long-term asthma treatment. Using a steroid inhaler, as per your doctor's instruction, will enhance your symptoms and lower the risk of a severe attack. Inhalers are the safest treatment for Asthma and permit people with Asthma to live normal lives. Using inhalers helps manage bronchial asthma symptoms.

4. Spacer Usage

A spacer helps the inhaled medicines reach the small airways in the lungs and function better. A spacer contains a plastic chamber that helps to connect the inhaler at one end to your mouth through a mouthpiece or mask at the other end. It permits enough time for the medicine to be breathed in. Without a spacer, you need to breathe in deeply and grip the inhaler at the same time, as the inhaled medicine ends up in the mouth or throat and is ineffective.

A few kinds of inhaler (e.g. dry powder inhalers) do not need a spacer, so consult your doctor if you are not sure.

5. Take Control

Consult your doctor to know how your inhaled medicines works and how you need to use them. Ensure your friends and family know what has to done if your Asthma is worsened. By intaking your inhalers soon, when you first see the worsening of those symptoms, you could avoid a serious attack.

How is Asthma treated?

There is no permanent cure for Asthma. All the treatments and therapies are helpful to ease the symptoms and to prevent them from developing into chronic conditions. So, the treatments are performed to improve the condition of the individual.

Asthma treatments improve and reduce the inflammation in the airways. One such medication, bronchodilators provide instant relief by relaxing the tightened muscles around the airways and reducing the symptoms.

What is the difference between Asthma and bronchial Asthma?

Both the terms asthma and bronchial Asthma are synonymous; they both denote the same chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airway obstruction and difficulty in breathing. Asthma refer to a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that results in periodic "attacks" of coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Bronchial Asthma is another term that refers to Asthma, with the term "bronchial" particularly highlighting the huge inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes (the airways in the lungs).

Bronchial Asthma symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Several health insurance companies in India offer Health insurance for Asthma. Causes of Bronchial Asthma include triggers that combine genetic and environmental factors, like allergens, irritants, infections, and some medications, that result in inflammation and airway narrowing. Bronchial Asthma causes disturbances in daily activities and quality of life. Asthma causes difficulties in breathing, sleep, physical activity, and overall quality of life. Thus, it potentially impacts work, school, and social interactions. Bronchial Asthma disease can affect people of all age groups, starting from childhood to old age, but it usually begins in childhood, with several children getting symptoms by age 5.

Conclusion

Genetic factors and lifestyle changes are the causes that trigger Asthma. The best way to manage Asthma can only be provided by a doctor. That’s why consulting a doctor is necessary. Discuss with the doctor to find out the severity of Asthma.

However, living with asthma is possible if proper treatment is taken at the right time. A change in lifestyle can ease the symptoms of Asthma.

Asthma is one of the respiratory ailments that have increased in recent years as a result of poor lifestyle choices and rising air pollution. It is a chronic respiratory disease that has an enormous impact on people's quality of life and affects people of all ages. Asthma can be potentially life-threatening if left untreated. For effective Asthma care, regular doctor visits and medical evaluations are essential. However, the cost of Asthma treatment can be exorbitant when emergencies requiring sudden hospitalization and medical attention arise. Therefore, it is beneficial to have comprehensive medical insurance for Asthma. Since Asthma is a pre-existing disease, it is covered by most of the insurers after specific waiting periods.

While planning to get insurance for chronic lung diseases like Asthma, we must also think of reaching the extra mile and consider the Covid-19 Health insurance plan.

Star Health insurance offers a range of Health Insurance plans covering chronic diseases, such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease and Asthma, thereby, providing financial assistance for urgent hospitalisations and quality treatment.

Star Health Assure Insurance Policy covers the condition Chronic Severe Refractory Asthma. For more details on the policy, refer to the policy clause.

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FAQs

How do you treat an asthma cough?

To treat an asthma cough, taking some medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and quick-relief inhalers will help control the underlying Asthma. You could consider some lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers and using a humidifier.

Can I live a normal life with Asthma?

Yes, with proper management and treatment, you can lead a normal and active life with Asthma, even if it's a chronic condition.

How to reduce Asthma in home?

To lower Asthma at home, concentrate on finding out and avoiding triggers, then maintaining a dust-free clean environment, and practicing healthy habits such as regular exercise and a balanced diet.

What to drink for Asthma?

For the asthma symptom relief, you could consider things like drinking water, ginger tea, herbal teas, or drinking caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee. This is because these might help soothe airways and lower inflammation.

Can asthma patients eat rice?

Yes, people with Asthma can have rice to eat, but it's best to select whole grains over refined grains.

Which fruit reduces Asthma?

One single fruit can't cure Asthma; some fruits containing antioxidants and vitamins, such as apples, oranges, and bananas, might help lower inflammation and improve respiratory function, helping with asthma management.

Is banana Ok for Asthma?

Yes, it is safe to eat banana for people with Asthma. This is because, bananas contain antioxidants and potassium, and might help with wheezing.

Can I eat eggs in Asthma?

A few people with Asthma might experience asthma symptoms when they eat eggs, while others might not, so a personalized method is recommended. If you have Asthma and think you may be allergic to eggs, it's better to consult with a doctor or allergist to check if eggs are a trigger for your Asthma.

Is Asthma genetic?

Yes, asthma disease has a genetic component, this means that it go through the families, but it is not determined by genes solely, as the environmental factors also play an important role.

Can stress cause Asthma?

Yes, stress is a well-known trigger for Asthma. Also, strong emotions or stress can cause worsening asthma symptoms. It could result in more frequent or severe asthma attacks.

What is the last stage of Asthma?

The most serious stage of Asthma is severe persistent Asthma. This stage is seen by the constant symptoms and significant limitations in daily activities, and it needs specialized treatment and multiple medications.

Does Asthma damage the lungs?

Yes, uncontrolled Asthma can result in a long-term lung damage and changes in the path of the airways, called airway remodeling. But, with a proper management, you could prevent or minimize this damage.

What is the main cause of Asthma?

The exact reason for the Asthma is unknown. Individuals with Asthma have swollen (inflamed) and "very sensitive" respiratory airways that become narrow and clogged with sticky mucus as a response to some triggers.