Weight is always a factor of judgement. People wish to have an ideal weight due to peer pressure. Being overweight influences an individual’s emotions, confidence, self-esteem and physical and mental health.
To avoid being a victim of bully, people want to maintain a normal weight, and thus the need for weight management programmes arises.
Unhealthy weight also has a negative impact on health. Weight loss is more than just physical appearance, and it improves the quality of life.
Weight management is a set of practices and behaviours that are primarily required to maintain a healthy weight.
Weight loss and weight maintenance together form the weight management programme.
Exercise forms the core of the weight maintenance programme, while diet is the critical component of a weight loss programme.
BMI
BMI is an indicator of overweight and obesity. The BMI is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (kilogrammes) by their height (metres) square.
BMI estimates the body fat content and predicts the risk for diseases associated with excess body fat.
| Category | BMI (Kg/m2) |
| Underweight | < 18.5 |
| Normal | 18.5 - 22.9 |
| Overweight | 23 - 24.9 |
| Obese | 25 - 29.9 |
| Severely Obese | ≥ 30 |
The higher the BMI, the higher is the risk for certain diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, type 2 Diabetes, breathing problems, gallstones and certain cancers.
Health effects of overweight and obesity
Being overweight and obesity brings about a risk for various lifestyle diseases. According to CDC, the following are a few examples of the effects of excess weight:
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidaemia (high cholesterol levels)
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Sleep apnea and breathing difficulties
- Gallbladder diseases
- Coronary artery disease
- Stroke
- Osteoarthritis
- Physical discomfort and difficulty functioning
- Cancer
- Poor quality of life
- Clinical depression, anxiety and other mental disorders
Preventing Weight Gain
Self-management is the most effective way to prevent weight gain.
Healthy eating plan
It is remarkable that most disease-preventing foods also help with weight control. Foods to include in a healthy diet plan are whole grains, fruits, vegetables and nuts.
A calorie is a calorie regardless of its source, so the best weight-control method is limiting portion size and exercising more.
Physical activity
There aren’t any clear guidelines for physical activity recommendations. The 2008 federal guidelines for overall health recommend 150 minutes of moderate-intensity and aerobic physical activity per week. This is significant for preventing unhealthy weight gain.
Self-monitoring
Who else can take better care of an individual than themself? Self-monitoring is very crucial. It is the process of observing and recording one’s food and exercise patterns and analysing them.
Self-monitoring aims to increase self-awareness of a person’s behaviour and outcomes. This serves as a warning if problems arise and can also track the success rate.
Self-monitoring techniques that are commonly used include:
- Food journals
- Regular self-weighing
- Exercise diaries
- Pedometers, accelerometers and metabolic devices
Healthy eating for a healthy weight
Maintaining a healthy weight with an unhealthy eating pattern is no good. Healthy eating requires a balance of macro and micronutrients like protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, vitamins and minerals in our diets.
There is no need to exclude certain food groups from the diet. Instead, choosing the healthiest options from all the food groups helps achieve a healthy weight.
Fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are low in calories and rich in nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, fibre and antioxidants.
Eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day can naturally give fullness and help cut down unhealthy food intake.
A serving is half a cup of raw fruit or vegetables. Most of us need to eat twice as much as we do now.
Fruit and vegetable intake can be increased by
- Including them in all the meals
- Taking fruits as a dessert
- Replacing an oily side dish with a vegetable salad.
- Snacking on vegetables like carrots, cherry tomatoes and peas
Calcium-rich foods
Calcium helps in boosting metabolism, which allows the body to burn fat. People aiming for weight loss can take calcium-rich foods. These include,
- Green leafy vegetables
- Low-fat dairy products - Milk, curd
- Seeds - Chia seeds, Sesame seeds
- Beans and lentils
- Amaranth
- Almond
Meats
Meat can be included in a healthy weight-loss diet. It is advisable to consume lean meats that are high in protein and low in saturated fat. One should avoid eating processed meat since they are high in sodium and saturated fat.
Leans meats that can be a part of healthy eating are
- Skinless chicken breast
- Salmon
- Turkey
Comfort foods
Comfort food is defined as simple foods that have a nostalgic or sentimental value for someone. It is usually associated with one’s childhood or home cooking and gives a comforting feeling.
Comfort foods can be distinguished by their high caloric and carbohydrate content. The nostalgia may be personal to an individual or cultural.
Curd rice, khichdi, bissi bele baath, tamarind rice, dal chawal, rajma chawal and dosa are a few comfort foods in India. It can vary with each individual. Coffee is also a comforting food for many.
Consuming these foods helps release dopamine that relieves stress, gives pleasure and provides a warm feeling, indirectly affecting weight management.
Water and healthier drinks
Water is very vital for the body’s functioning. Adequate water is required to metabolise the food we eat and helps in weight loss.
Healthy drinks include vegetable juices, green tea, apple cider vinegar and fruit-infused water. These can also help in detoxification which is required for maintaining and losing weight.
Planning meals
The first step in planning meals would be to decide on the calorie count. Calorie restriction is necessary to lose weight, and normal calorie is required for weight management.
The next step is to schedule the meal timing and choose healthy food options. Nutrient-dense meals from all food groups make an ideal meal plan for both managing and losing weight.
Portion size is an essential factor to be considered while planning meals.
Calorie restriction
Calorie restriction refers to reducing average daily caloric intake below the usual consumption without the deprivation of essential nutrients. It is advised for a person looking for weight loss.
It is advised to reduce 500 calories per day from the current intake to lose one kg per week.
Healthy recipes
Outside foods are frequently high in calories, unhealthy fats and sugars, which add bulk to the body and wear down the bones and organs. They also deprive the body of essential nutrients.
Healthy cooking and healthy recipes are nutrient-dense, which is very much required for weight management.
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, stroke and heart disease are leading causes of chronic illnesses that can be avoided through healthy cooking.
Healthy cooking keeps the immune system strong and protects the body from infections. Eating healthily improves mood and keeps a person active, ultimately lowering the risk of chronic diseases.
A few healthy recipes for weight management include,
- Oats Idli
- Broccoli paratha
- Ragi dosa
- Poha
- Oats and matar cheela
- Mixed bean salad
Physical activity for a healthy weight
Experts recommend a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity at least five days a week.
To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, especially after a significant weight loss, one may need to engage in 60 minutes or more of physical activity daily.
Walking, running and sports are examples of structured physical activity. Daily activities include housework, garden work or dog walking. Choose a mix of structured and daily activities to get benefitted.
Why is physical activity important?
Along with a balanced diet, physical activity is essential for weight management. Studies show that physical activity helps in weight loss and weight management.
A physically active lifestyle burns calories and also has numerous other benefits.
- Helps to increase metabolism
- Aids in appetite regulation
- Reduces stress
- Helps people with Insomnia
- Lowers the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis
How much physical activity do I need?
To maintain weight
150 minutes of moderate-intensity workout or aerobic exercise per week and 75 minutes of high-intensity aerobic activity per week are ideal. An equivalent combination of the two also works best.
To lose weight and keep it off
Physical activity requirement is increased when a diet plan is changed, and calories are cut down.
Regular physical activity and a healthy eating plan are required to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Moderate-intensity exercises
Moderate-intensity exercises include swimming, brisk walking, gardening and dancing.
Vigorous-intensity exercises
Vigorous-intensity activities include running, aerobic dancing, hiking uphill and jumping rope.
Self-monitoring
Self-monitoring is vital for weight loss as well as weight maintenance. Consistent self-monitoring aids in weight maintenance by assisting individuals in adhering to daily caloric intake goals.
Tips to help children maintain a healthy weight
Children can maintain a healthy weight with the help of their parents. When the parents practise a healthy lifestyle, children develop it as a habit. A few ways to help children with weight are
- Let them be physically active at least for 60 minutes a day
- Cook healthy meals at home
- Keep a child-sized plate for them to control their portion size
- Lessen their screen time
- Ensure adequate sleep
What are the benefits of weight loss?
An overweight or obese person need not lose excess weight. Studies show that a mere 5 % to 10 % weight loss can help improve overall health.
Losing weight may imply:
- Decreased risk of lifestyle diseases like cancer, Diabetes, stroke, heart disease
- Decreased risk of joint pain and back pain
- Improved blood sugar and cholesterol levels
- Lowered blood pressure
Weight loss can also boost an individual’s confidence, thereby reducing stress.
Conclusion
Weight management helps individuals achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Strategies are planned with the help of a nutritionist or dietitian for long-term weight management.
Weight loss and weight maintenance form the core of weight management. A balance of diet and physical activity is vital for reaching the goal.
FAQs
1. What is the importance of weight management?
2. How can we reduce weight without exercise?
3. What is the weight management formula?
4. Can I lose weight by walking?
5. Does coffee reduce weight?
6. What is the normal weight in kg?
Male ideal body weight (IBW) = 50 kg + 0.9 kg (height (cm) - 152)
Female ideal body weight (IBW) = 45.5 kg + 0.9 kg (height (cm) - 152).
